No registrations found.
ID
Source
Brief title
Health condition
Not applicable
Sponsors and support
Intervention
Outcome measures
Primary outcome
The brain response to odors in reward-related brain areas, measured with fMRI
Secondary outcome
Behavioral measures of odor perception (liking, intensity of sweetness, intensity of savoriness, willingness to try), reward sensitivity, impulsivity, psychological impact of living in food-abundant environments, and smoking/vaping characteristics
Background summary
Flavors play an important role in reward from food and e-cigarettes. Whereas sweet flavors are popular in both food and e-cigarettes, savory food products are popular but savory e-liquids seldom exist. Brain areas involved in reward from food and reward from smoking overlap, but more knowledge is needed about similarities and differences between reward-related brain activation in response to food versus e-cigarette cues. This study aims to investigate the role of flavors in reward-related brain activation in an e-cigarette context in comparison to a food context.
Study objective
We expect an effect of context, odor, and user group on reward-related brain activation
Study design
Not applicable
Intervention
During fMRI, odors will be presented using an olfactometer. Accompanying visual cues will be used to create an e-cigarette and food context. Ratings for odor liking, intensity of odor sweetness, intensity of odor savoriness, and willingness to try the e-cigarette/food product will be collected on a 100-unit Visual Analogue Scale
Inclusion criteria
- Light cigarette smoker or non-smoker
- Susceptible to e-cigarette use
- Normal olfactory function according to the Sniffin’ Sticks identification test
- Good proficiency of the Dutch language
- Right-handed
- Aged 18-55 years at the time of inclusion
- Normal BMI (between 18.5-25 kg/m2)
- Healthy as defined by the screening questionnaire
- Willing to comply with the study procedures
- Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology and approving of reporting this to their general physician
- Willing to refrain from using drugs other than tobacco and alcohol for one week before the test session
Exclusion criteria
- Dislike the odors under investigation
- Allergic or hyper sensitive reaction to yoghurt
- The use of prescribed or non-prescribed medication in the month prior to the test session, other than occasional use of pain medication (such as paracetamol and NSAID’s) or oral contraceptives
- Have a history of drug or alcohol dependence
- Have a psychiatric, neurological, or eating disorder or chronic medical condition
- Be employed by the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University or doing an MSc internship/writing a thesis at the Sensory Science and Eating Behavior chair group within the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University
- Participation in another medical-scientific study (except for EetMeetWeet)
- Claustrophobic (self-report)
- Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning (including, but not limited to): pacemakers and defibrillators, epilepsy or family history of epilepsy, intraorbital or intraocular metallic fragments, ferromagnetic implants, presence of non-removable piercings.
- Limited sight that is not corrected with contact lenses or cannot be corrected with our MRI safe glasses (maximum strength is +6 and -6)
- For women: lactating, being pregnant, or using a IUD as anti-conceptive (with exception of the Mirena IUD, which is MRI safe).
Design
Recruitment
IPD sharing statement
Followed up by the following (possibly more current) registration
No registrations found.
Other (possibly less up-to-date) registrations in this register
No registrations found.
In other registers
| Register | ID |
|---|---|
| NTR-new | NL7963 |
| Other | METC WUR : METC 19/19 |